How To Name Carboxylic Acids

To do this there are specific names depending on how many carbons are in the molecule as shown in the table here. It s a bit of a balancing game.

Carboxylic Acid Structure Properties Formula Uses Facts

The iupac suffix for a carboxylic acid is oic acid.

How to name carboxylic acids. In general carboxylic acids are named based on the number of carbons in the longest continuous chain including the carboxyl group cooh. To name carboxylic acids follow these steps. The suffix of this carbon chain is then replaced as carboxylic acids always end in oic acid an example is ch2o2 in which the longest continuous carbon chain is a methane.

Draw the condensed or shorthand structure of an acid halide given either its commonly used or systematic name. Provide a satisfactory name for an acid anhydride of given structure. Nomenclature of carboxylic acids and their salts the iupac name of a carboxylic acid is derived from that of the longest carbon chain that contains the carboxyl group by dropping the final e from the name of the parent alkane and adding the suffix oic followed by the word acid.

If you have side groups attached to the chain notice that you always count from the carbon atom in the cooh group as being number 1. In a carboxyl group a carbon atom is double bonded to an oxygen atom a carbonyl group and is also bonded to a hydroxyl alcohol group. Count the longest carbon chain.

Carboxylic acids are characterised by having a carboxyl group which has the formula cooh cooh. Naming carboxylic acids which contain other functional groups. 21 1 naming carboxylic acid derivatives provide a satisfactory name for an acid halide of given structure.

You generally wouldn t really say octanoic acid is water soluble the non polar alkyl chain dominates now. The name counts the total number of carbon atoms in the longest chain including the one in the cooh group. The ch3 bit is non polar but the cooh bit is quite polar and that is why it dissolves in water.

As the length of the alkyl chain gets bigger though these carboxylic acids become less and less water soluble eg. This is true for both the iupac and common nomenclature systems. Naming carboxylates salts of carboxylic acids are named by writing the name of the cation followed by the name of the acid with the ic acid ending replaced by an ate ending.

Examples of carboxylic acids.

Ppt Chapter 19 Carboxylic Acid Derivatives Nucleophilic Acyl